Journal: Scientific Reports
Article Title: Myoblast paracrine factors induce catabolic remodelling in electrically stimulated myotubes
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21126-y
Figure Lengend Snippet: EPS-induced structural and molecular alterations to myotubes are influenced by MBL exposure. ( A ) Transmission electron microscopy images of unstimulated (NS) C 2 C 12 myotubes and immediately post-electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). White arrows identify an intact Z line and yellow arrows denote Z line streaming. Scale bar = 1200 nm. ( B ) Cropped representative western blots from the same gel, delineated by a perforated line. ( C ) A graphical summary of β-dystroglycan, desmin, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), calpain 3, phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase at serine 79 (p-ACC ser79 ), total (t-)ACC, phosphorylated Unc-51-like kinase 1 at serine 555 (p-ULK1 ser555 ), t-ULK1, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin at serine 2448 (p-mTOR ser2448 ), t-mTOR, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 at threonine 37&46 (p-4EBP1 Thr37/46 ), and t-4EBP1 protein content in resting and stimulated myotubes. ( D ) A visual schematic of the study design. Differentiated myotubes and media were collected following 1-hr of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) or unstimulated incubation in fresh growth media. Transwells with (MBL+) or without (MBL–) myoblasts were inserted into the culture at 0-hrs post-EPS, and cell lysates were collected at various time points thereafter. ( E ) Creatine kinase (CK) activity in conditioned media of EPS damaged MBL + and MBL– myotubes. F - H ) Representative western blots of β-dystroglycan and desmin protein expression and accompanying graphical representations of EPS damaged MBL + and MBL– myotubes. N = 3. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. * p < 0.05 effect of MBL, # p < 0.05 effect of time. Two-tail independent Student’s t-test ( C ) and two-way ANOVA ( E , G , H ). Original western blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1.
Article Snippet: p-ACC Ser79 , CST , 3661 S , 1:1000.
Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Western Blot, Binding Assay, Incubation, Activity Assay, Expressing